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. 2017 Sep 18;125(9):097016. doi: 10.1289/EHP694

Table 2.

Median (25th and 75th percentiles) of measures of attention [Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT) at 4–5 y and attentional network task (ANT) at 7 y] and exposure [averages of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and vegetation continuous fields (VCF, % tree cover)].

Variables 4–5-y follow-up 7-y follow-up
Sabadell (n=364) Valencia (n=524) p-Valuea Sabadell (n=530) Valencia (n=448) p-Valuea
Attentionb            
  Omissions (counts) 24 (13, 37) 10 (5, 20) <0.01 3 (1, 7) 3 (1, 7) 0.1
  Commissions (counts) 22 (15, 30) 22 (15, 29) 0.63 5 (2, 8) 4 (2, 7) <0.01
  Hit Reaction Time-Standard Error (ms) 332.8 (252.8, 441.6) 229.7 (171.9, 307.0) <0.01 332.0 (273.8, 381.1) 326.6 (268.6, 385.3) 0.55
Residential surrounding greenness (NDVI)b            
100-m buffer 0.20 (0.16, 0.24) 0.19 (0.17, 0.24) 0.89 0.20 (0.17, 0.25) 0.19 (0.16, 0.24) 0.01
300-m buffer 0.24 (0.18, 0.29) 0.22 (0.19, 0.27) 0.06 0.24 (0.19, 0.30) 0.22 (0.19, 0.27) <0.01
500-m buffer 0.26 (0.21, 0.32) 0.24 (0.21, 0.29) <0.01 0.26 (0.21, 0.32) 0.23 (0.20, 0.28) <0.01
Residential surrounding tree cover (VCF)b            
100-m buffer 1.6 (1.2, 2.3) 0.3 (0.1, 0.7) <0.01 1.7 (1.3, 2.4) 0.4 (0.2, 0.8) <0.01
300-m buffer 1.9 (1.4, 2.7) 0.6 (0.3, 1.0) <0.01 2.0 (1.6, 2.8) 0.7 (0.4, 1.0) <0.01
500-m buffer 2.2 (1.5, 3.0) 0.7 (0.5, 1.0) <0.01 2.2 (1.7, 3.1) 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) <0.01
a

p-value for Mann–Whitney U test.

b

For the follow-up at 4 or 5 y, the NDVI was averaged for addresses at birth and 4–5 y and for the follow-up at 7 y, the NDVI was averaged for addresses at birth, 4 or 5 years, and 7-years.