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. 2017 Sep 1;125(9):097001. doi: 10.1289/EHP1443

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EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted.

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Figure 2A is a bar graph with standard errors of mean plotting total number (y-axis) of short, flat, upward, and downward (simple group); modulated and complex (complex group); and mixed, one jump, and frequency jump (frequency jump group) syllables (x-axis) for the Veh and 0.5, 5, and 50 micrograms per kilogram per day DEHP exposure groups. Figure 2B comprises four pie charts showing the proportion of simple, complex, and frequency jump syllables in the Veh (29, 24, and 47 percent) and DEHP 0.5 (18, 25, 57 and percent), DEHP 5 (18, 28, and 54 percent), and DEHP 50 (29.5, 26, and 44.5 percent) exposure groups. Figure 2C is a bar graph with standard errors of mean plotting total duration (y-axis) of short, flat, upward, and downward (simple group); modulated and complex (complex group); and mixed, one jump, and frequency jump (frequency jump group) syllables (x-axis) for the Veh and 0.5, 5, and 50 micrograms per kilogram per day DEHP exposure groups]. — Quantitative and qualitative analyses of syllables emitted by males exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). (A) Total number of each syllable type produced in the presence of a sexually receptive female during the 4-min recording for males exposed to the vehicle (Veh) or DEHP at 0.5, 5, or $50 μ g / kg / d$ . One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed an effect of DEHP treatment (#) on short ( $p < 0.0001$ ), flat ( $p = 0.0008$ ), downward ( $p = 0.007$ ), modulated ( $p = 0.03$ ), complex ( $p = 0.01$ ), mixed ( $p = 0.05$ ), one-jump ( $p = 0.013$ ), and frequency jump (0.019) syllables. Post hoc comparisons are indicated: * $p < 0.05$ , ** $p < 0.01$ , *** $p < 0.001$ . Data are expressed as the means $\pm SEM$ of 11–12 males per treatment group. (B) Percentage of courtship vocalizations per category (simple, complex, and with frequency jumps). (C) Total duration of each syllable type. One-way ANOVA showed an effect of DEHP treatment (#) on short ( $p = 0.0003$ ), modulated ( $p = 0.047$ ), complex ( $p = 0.035$ ), one-jump ( $p = 0.035$ ), and frequency jump (0.05) syllables. Post hoc comparisons are indicated: * $p < 0.05$ , ** $p < 0.01$ , *** $p < 0.001$ .