Table 2.

Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by rice consumption among 949 study participants from the New Hampshire Skin Cancer Study, July 2007–July 2009.

Rice consumption	Controls, $n$ (%)	SCC cases, $n$ (%)	Adjusted ${\text{OR}}_1$ (95% CI)a	Adjusted ${\text{OR}}_2$ (95% CI)b	Adjusted ${\text{OR}}_3$ (95% CI)c
Total no.	462	487	487	487	487
Noned	126 (27.3)	98 (20.1)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)
Any rice (any frequency)	336 (72.7)	389 (79.9)	1.47 (1.08, 2.01)	1.34 (0.98, 1.84)	1.60 (1.15, 2.22)
$1–20\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{d}$e	129 (27.9)	150 (30.8)	1.48 (1.03, 2.12)	1.42 (0.99, 2.05)	1.69 (1.16, 2.45)
$21–50\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{d}$	108 (23.4)	138 (28.3)	1.63 (1.12, 2.37)	1.48 (1.01, 2.17)	1.71 (1.15, 2.53)
$>50\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{d}$	99 (21.4)	101 (20.7)	1.27 (0.85, 1.90)	1.04 (0.69, 1.58)	1.34 (0.88, 2.04)
p-Trend			0.19	0.75	0.92
White rice (any frequency)	260 (67.4)	281 (74.1)	1.36 (0.98, 1.89)	1.23 (0.88, 1.72)	1.46 (1.03, 2.05)
$1–20\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{d}$e	157 (40.7)	192 (50.7)	1.54 (1.09, 2.19)	1.45 (1.01, 2.07)	1.66 (1.15, 2.39)
$21–50\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{d}$	73 (18.9)	66 (17.4)	1.11 (0.72, 1.73)	0.92 (0.59, 1.46)	1.11 (0.70, 1.78)
$>50\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{d}$	30 (7.8)	23 (6.1)	0.95 (0.51, 1.76)	0.80 (0.42, 1.50)	1.14 (0.60, 2.17)
p-Trend			0.35	0.13	0.79
Brown rice (any frequency)	201 (61.5)	261 (72.7)	1.68 (1.20, 2.37)	1.50 (1.06, 2.13)	1.82 (1.27, 2.60)
$1–20\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{d}$e	110 (33.6)	164 (45.7)	1.91 (1.31, 2.77)	1.74 (1.19, 2.54)	2.05 (1.39, 3.03)
$21–50\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{d}$	72 (22.0)	68 (18.9)	1.21 (0.78, 1.89)	1.05 (0.67, 1.66)	1.32 (0.82, 2.11)
$>50\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{d}$	19 (5.8)	29 (8.1)	2.06 (1.06, 4.00)	1.71 (0.87, 3.35)	2.08 (1.05, 4.13)
p-Trend			0.04	0.23	0.99

Abbreviations: $\text{OR},\text{odds}\text{ratio}$; $\text{CI},\text{confidence}\text{interval}$.

^a${\text{OR}}_1$ were adjusted for age group, gender, and caloric consumption.

^b${\text{OR}}_2$ were adjusted for age group, gender, caloric consumption, and education.

^c${\text{OR}}_3$ were adjusted for age group, gender, caloric consumption, and arsenobetaine.

^dThe referent group of no rice consumption includes no rice consumption of either white or brown rice varieties. This referent group is used in common for all types of rice consumption collected from the Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire.

^eThe grams of rice consumption per day were derived from the Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire categories of rice intake during a year.