Figure 1.

Association between annual average source-specific noise levels (Lden) and arterial stiffness (baPWV) across different subgroups, per interquartile range (IQR) change of the respective noise indicator (road: 10.6 dB, railway: 8.1 dB, aircraft: 8 dB). Multiexposure linear mixed models included an interaction term between Lden and the corresponding subgroup and were adjusted for sex, age, $\text{sex}\times \text{age}$, education, smoking status, pack-years smoked, secondary smoke, alcohol consumption, diet, body mass index (BMI), ${\text{BMI}}^2$, physical activity, mean arterial pressure (MAP), $\text{MAP}\times \text{sex}$, nitrogen dioxide, all source-specific Lden levels and their noise truncation indicators, and a random intercept by study area. **p-value of interaction $<0.05$, *p-value of interaction $<0.100$. ^ap-value for $\text{trend}=0.124$, p-value of interaction $\left(>80\text{versus}\le 80\right)=0.053$.