Table 2.
Associations of cumulative psychosocial adversity in childhood and CVD risk factors at mean age 48 years (n = 3612).
| Adjusted for age | Adjusted for age, ethnicity and childhood SEP | Adjusted for age, ethnicity and childhood SEP and potential mediation by adult SEP | Adjusted for age, ethnicity and childhood SEP and potential mediation by adult SEP, BMI and smoking | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Mean difference (95% CI) | P | Mean difference (95% CI) | P | Mean difference (95% CI) | P | Mean difference (95% CI) | P | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.16 (−0.05, 0.37) | 0.13 | 0.13 (−0.08, 0.34) | 0.22 | 0.12 (−0.08, 0.33) | 0.24 | 0.11 (−0.1, 0.32) † | 0.30 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 0.60 (0.10, 1.09) | 0.02 | 0.53 (0.03, 1.02) | 0.04 | 0.51 (0.02, 1.00) | 0.04 | 0.39 (0.25, 1.57) † | 0.12 |
| SBP (mm/Hg) | −0.37 (−0.87, 0.13) | 0.15 | −0.40 (−0.90, 0.10) | 0.12 | −0.41 (−0.91, 0.09) | 0.11 | −0.46 (−0.94, 0.01) | 0.06 |
| DBP (mm/Hg) | −0.06 (−0.47, 0.35) | 0.79 | −0.10 (−0.51, 0.30) | 0.62 | −0.11 (−0.51, 0.30) | 0.60 | −0.18 (−0.56, 0.21) | 0.37 |
| Insulin (u/ml)* | −1% (−3%, 2%) | 0.81 | −1% (−3%, 2%) | 0.66 | −1% (−3%, 2%) | 0.63 | −1% (−4%, 1%) | 0.17 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.04) | 0.74 | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.04) | 0.77 | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.04) | 0.78 | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.03) | 0.68 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l)* | 1% (−1%, 2%) | 0.59 | 1% (−1%, 2%) | 0.63 | 0% (−1%, 2%) | 0.66 | −1% (−3%, 1%) | 0.34 |
| HDL-c (mmol/l) | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.01) | 0.52 | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.01) | 0.62 | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.01) | 0.65 | −0.01 (−0.01, 0.02) | 0.63 |
| LDL-c (mmol/l) | 0.03 (−0.01, 0.06) | 0.07 | 0.03 (−0.01, 0.06) | 0.10 | 0.03 (−0.01, 0.06) | 0.11 | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.05) | 0.40 |
| CRP (mmol/l)* | −1% (−5%, 5%) | 0.94 | −1% (−5%, 4%) | 0.80 | −1% (−5%, 4%) | 0.76 | −2% (−4%, 1%) | 0.22 |
| Arterial distensibility (mm) | −0.01 (−0.01, 0.004) | < 0.01 | −0.01 (−0.01, −0.004) | < 0.01 | −0.01 (−0.01, −0.004) | < 0.01 | −0.01 (−0.01, −0.003) | < 0.01 |
| cIMT (mm) | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.003) | 0.55 | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.003) | 0.49 | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.003) | 0.49 | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.003) | 0.68 |
SEP – socioeconomic position. BMI-body mass index. SBP – systolic blood pressure. DBP – diastolic blood pressure. HDL-c – high density lipoprotein cholesterol. LDL-c – low density lipoprotein cholesterol. CRP – C reactive protein. CIMT – carotid intima-media thickness.
Coefficients are interpreted as the mean difference in the outcome per one standard deviation increase in the cumulative psychosocial adversity score.
Coefficients for insulin, triglycerides and CRP have been back transformed from the natural log to a ratio of geometric means and are presented as the mean percentage difference in the outcome per one standard deviation increase in the cumulative psychosocial adversity score.
Associations of cumulative adversity with BMI and waist circumference are adjusted for age, ethnicity, childhood SEP and potential mediation by adult SEP and smoking (not adult BMI).