Table 2.

Gastrointestinal Defect Counts, Prevalence and 95% Confidence Interval for 28 U.S. State-based Surveillance Programs^a, 2010-2014 (Prevalence per 10,000 Live Births)

	Biliary atresiab			Esophageal atresia/ tracheoesophageal fistula			Rectal a nd large intestinal atresia/stenosisc			Small intestinal atresia/stenosisd
Variables	Count	Prev	95 % CI	Count	Prev	95 % CI	Count	Prev	95 % CI	Count	Prev	95 % CI
Total cases	713	0.7	0.6–0.7	2472	2.3	2.2–2.4	4334	4.2	4.1–4.4	3388	3.4	3.3–3.6
Case ascertainment methodologye
Programs with active case finding	259	0.6	0.6–0.7	955	2.3	2.2–2.5	1788	4.7	4.5–5.0	1050	3.1	2.9–3.3
Programs with passive case finding	454	0.7	0.6–0.8	1517	2.3	2.2–2.5	2546	3.9	3.8–4.1	2338	3.6	3.5–3.8
Pregnancy outcome inclusionf
Programs that track live births only	200	0.7	0.6–0.8	646	2.2	2.0–2.4	1084	3.7	3.5–3.9	927	3.3	3.1–3.5
Programs that track live births and stillbirths	317	0.7	0.6–0.8	1112	2.4	2.3–2.6	1723	4.1	3.9–4.3	1506	3.6	3.4–3.8
Programs that track all pregnancy outcomes	196	0.6	0.5–0.7	714	2.3	2.1–2.5	1527	4.9	4.7–5.2	955	3.4	3.2–3.6
Maternal race/ethnicityg
White, non-Hispanic	291	0.5	0.5–0.6	1428	2.5	2.4–2.7	2207	4.0	3.9–4.2	1716	3.3	3.1–3.4
Black, non-Hispanic	151	0.9	0.8–1.1	324	2.0	1.8–2.2	620	3.8	3.5–4.2	553	3.7	3.4–4.0
Hispanic	160	0.6	0.5–0.8	535	2.1	2.0–2.3	1104	4.7	4.4–5.0	840	3.6	3.4–3.9
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic	60	1.1	0.8–1.4	95	1.7	1.4–2.1	213	4.0	3.5–4.6	161	3.2	2.7–3.7
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic	9	1.1	0.5–2.1	17	2.1	1.2–3.3	31	5.2	3.5–7.4	14	2.5	1.3–4.1
Maternal age (years)g
<20	51	0.6	0.4–0.8	197	2.3	2.0–2.6	392	4.7	4.3–5.2	317	4.0	3.6–4.4
20–24	150	0.6	0.5–0.7	515	2.1	1.9–2.3	1069	4.5	4.2–4.7	782	3.4	3.2–3.7
25–29	212	0.7	0.6–0.8	621	2.1	1.9–2.2	1092	3.8	3.5–4.0	840	3.0	2.8–3.2
30–34	142	0.5	0.4–0.6	583	2.2	2.0–2.4	1000	3.9	3.6–4.1	772	3.1	2.9–3.3
35–39	91	0.7	0.6–0.9	349	2.8	2.5–3.1	525	4.3	4.0–4.7	416	3.6	3.2–3.9
40+	36	1.2	0.8–1.6	151	4.9	4.2–5.8	177	6.0	5.1–6.9	202	7.1	6.1–8.1
Infant sexg
Male	311	0.6	0.5–0.6	1366	2.5	2.4–2.7	2383	4.6	4.4–4.7	1651	3.3	3.1–3.4
Female	383	0.7	0.7–0.8	1080	2.1	2.0–2.2	1878	3.8	3.6–4.0	1692	3.5	3.4–3.7

Prev: Prevalence per 10,000 live births; CI: Confidence interval

^aPrograms contributing to the table: Arizona (2010–2013), Arkansas (2010–2013), Delaware, Florida, Georgia (Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program), Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.

^bExcludes Vermont.

^cExcludes Arizona.

^dExcludes Arizona, Minnesota, and South Carolina.

^eProgram primary case-finding methodology: Programs with active case-finding: Arkansas (2010-2013), Arizona (2010-2013), Delaware, Georgia (Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program), Iowa, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas; Programs with passive case-finding: Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Jersey, Nevada, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.

^fProgram pregnancy outcome inclusion: Programs that track live births only: Louisiana, Minnesota, Florida, Indiana, Mississippi, New Jersey, Nevada, Oregon, and Vermont; Programs that track live births and stillbirths: Arizona (2010–2013), Delaware, Massachusetts, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Tennessee, West Virginia, and Wisconsin; Programs that track all pregnancy outcomes: Arkansas (2010–2013), Georgia (Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program), Iowa, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, and Rhode Island.

^gCounts of unknown and/or other are not shown.