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. 2018 Apr 24;8:6435. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24879-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Evaluation of H. pylori colonization in mice by quantitative cultivation (a) and urease activity assays (b). The gastric walls of mice were sampled one week after the last challenge with H. pylori. The bacterial colonization was assessed by rapid urease tests and quantitative bacterial culture. ^*P < 0.05; ^**P < 0.01; ^***P < 0.001, compared with the PBS or designated group. Baseline, the values of the BALB/c mice (n = 10) untreated with either L. lactis or H. pylori. The results showed that the NapA delivered by L. lacitis significantly reduced the bacterial load in the stomachs of the vaccinated mice.