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. 2018 Apr 24;9:1620. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03759-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Cytocompatibility of Sil-MA. a Live and dead assay; cell viability of encapsulated NIH/3T3 for 14 days (live cells in green and dead cells in red). Scale bar indicates 500 μm. b CCK-8 assay; cell proliferation in the hydrogel for 14 days. The 30%Sil-MA hydrogel showed the similar cell proliferation to that of commercial GelMA (10%). * and ** refer to statistically significant proliferation p < 0.05 and p < 0.005 (two-sample t-test), respectively, compared to 30%Sil-MA hydrogels. The black line, blue line, orange line, and gray line indicate 10%, 20%, and 30% of Sil-MA hydrogel and 10%GelMA hydrogel, respectively. c–f Cell distribution inside the Sil-MA hydrogel. Cells were distributed evenly in the hydrogels. The Sil-MA hydrogels with c a design of the letter HL (the logo of Hallym University) and d a shape of human brain were printed out with PKH67-labeled cells only. Also, the Sil-MA hydrogels with e the letter HL and f a shape of winding trachea were printed out with PKH67-labeled cells (green) and PKH26-labeled cells (red); (from left to right) CAD images, printed images, fluorescence images by c confocal or d–f single plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) microscope, and merged images of fluorescence and CAD images. Scale bar indicates 1 mm on CAD images and 5 mm on printed images. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. Each assay was conducted in triplicate