Table 1.
Printer | Bioink | Photoinitiator | Light source | Mechanical properties | Target tissue or structure | Cell type | Culture | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DLP | GelMA, GMHA | LAP | UV (365 nm) | >4 kPa (stiffness) | Liver tissue | hiPSC-HPCs | In vitro (10 days) | 6 |
STL | PEGDA and GelMA | Eosin Y-based photo initiator | Customized visible light | Young’s modulus (60 kPa) | Hydrogel | NIH 3T3 cells | In vitro (5 days) | 7 |
LAB | HA and collagen | NA | Pulsed laser | NA | Bone tissue regeneration | Mesenchyma stroma cells | In vitro (8 days), in vivo (42 days) | 8 |
STL | Methacrylated PEG-co-PDP | LAP | Visible light projection SLA (3200 lumens) | 38 kPa (stiffness) | Cell-laden hydrogel | HUVEC cells | In vitro (10 days) | 10 |
LAP lithium phenyl-2,4,6 trimethylbenzoyl phosphinate, GelMA gelatin methacrylate, GMHA glycidyl metacrylate hyaluronic acid, PEGDA polyethylene glycol diacrylate, HA hyaluronic acid, PEG-co-PDP poly(ethylene glycol-co-depsipeptide), hiPSC-HPC human iPSC-derived hepatic progenitor cells, DLP digital light processing based bioprinter, STL stereolithography, LAB laser-assisted bioprinter