Table 1.
Polyphenolic modulation of AQPs and related beneficial effects.
| Polyphenol | Functional derivative | Modulated AQP | Beneficial effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curcuminoids | Curcumin | Choroid plexus AQP1 ↓ (brain lateral ventricle) | Reduction of intracranial pressure in brain injury (rat model) | Nabiuni et al., 2013 |
| CaOV3 AQP3 ↓ (ovarian cancer cell line) |
Inhibition of ovarian cancer cell migration (in vitro) |
Ji et al., 2008; Terlikowska et al., 2014 | ||
| Brain AQP4 and AQP9 ↓ | Reduction of brain edema (rodent model) |
Yu et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2014; Zu et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2015 | ||
| HeLa cells AQP (ND) | Hydrogen peroxide elimination (in vitro) |
Pellavio et al., 2017 | ||
| Flavonoids | Pinocembrin | Brain AQP4 ↓ | Reduction of cerebral edema due to ischemia (rat model) |
Gao et al., 2010 |
| Chrysin | Skin AQP3 ↑ | Protection against UV-induced skin damages (in vitro) |
Wu et al., 2011 | |
| Quercetin | Microglial AQP4 ↓ | Amelioration of diabetic retinal edema (rat model) |
Kumar et al., 2014 | |
| Salivary gland, lung AQP5 ↑ | Amelioration of impaired salivation after irradiation and IAV-induced lung injury (mouse models) |
Takahashi et al., 2015; Yu et al., 2016a | ||
| HeLa cells AQP1, AQP3, AQP8, AQP11 | Hydrogen peroxide elimination (in vitro) |
Pellavio et al., 2017 | ||
| Hesperetin | Microglial AQP4 ↓ | Amelioration of diabetic retinal edema (rat model) |
Kumar et al., 2014 | |
| Alpinetin | Lung endothelium AQP1 ↑ | Amelioration of SAP-induced acute lung injury (in vitro) |
Liang et al., 2016 | |
| Naringenin | Mucosal epithelial cells of colon AQP3 ↑ | Amelioration of intestinal water absorption | Yin et al., 2018 | |
| HeLa cells AQP(ND) | Hydrogen peroxide elimination (in vitro) |
Pellavio et al., 2017 | ||
| Liquiritigenin | Kidney AQP4 ↓ | Reduction of kidney inflammation (rat model) |
Hongyan et al., 2016 | |
| Epigallocathechin Gallate | Salivary gland AQP5 ↑ | Amelioration of xerostomia in Sjögren syndrome (mouse model) |
Saito et al., 2015 | |
| SKOV3 AQP5 ↓ (cancer cell line) |
Inhibition of ovarian tumor growth (in vitro) |
Yan et al., 2012 | ||
| Spinal cord AQP4 ↓ | Reduced edema in acute SCI (rat model) |
Ge et al., 2013 | ||
| Chalcones | Phloretin | AQP9 (inhibition) | Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative action (in vitro) |
Matsushima et al., 2014 |
| Stilbenes | Resveratrol | Human keratinocyte AQP3 ↓ | Inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation (in vitro) |
Wu et al., 2014 |
| Brain AQP4 ↓ | Amelioration of cerebral I/R injury (rat model) |
Li et al., 2015 | ||
| Isoflavonoids | Genistein and Daidzein | Uterine AQP1 ↑ | Uterine responsiveness to estrogens (rat model) |
Möller et al., 2010 |
| Puerarin | Brain AQP4 ↓ | Reduction of brain damage and inflammation | Wang et al., 2018 |
Arrows: ↑, upregulation; ↓, downregulation; SCI, spinal cord injury; ND, specific AQP homolog to be defined.