Table 3.
ESEM model coefficients (standard error in parentheses) of the regressions of the three well-being outcomes (satisfaction with life, SWL; emotional well-being, EWB; perceived health) on the exploratory affect regulation strategy factors.
| General frequency | General efficacy | Sadness frequency | Sadness efficacy | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Affect regulation strategy | SWL | EWB | Health | SWL | EWB | Health | SWL | EWB | Health | SWL | EWB | Health |
| Problem-directed action, cognitive reappraisal | 0.06 (0.07)a | 0.04 (0.06) | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.12** (0.04) | 0.11*** (0.02) | 0.11 (0.06) | 0.14*** (0.03) | 0.08* (0.04) | −0.06 (0.05) | 0.24*** (0.03) | 0.27*** (0.04) | 0.19*** (0.05) |
| Environment, physical activity | 0.02 (0.03) | −0.01 (0.03) | 0.13* (0.06) | 0.00 (0.04) | −0.02 (0.03) | 0.11** (0.03) | −0.01 (0.03) | −0.03 (0.04) | −0.08 (0.09) | 0.09* (0.05) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.06) |
| Positive thinking | 0.34*** (0.06) | 0.17** (0.06) | 0.09 (0.06) | 0.37*** (0.05) | 0.14*** (0.04) | 0.17*** (0.03) | 0.31*** (0.07) | 0.14*** (0.03) | 0.14** (0.05) | 0.08 (0.08) | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.04 (0.09) |
| Talking, venting | 0.21*** (0.04) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.16** (0.06) | 0.17*** (0.04) | 0.07* (0.03) | 0.09 (0.05) | 0.11 (0.07) | −0.01 (0.05) | 0.10 (0.06) | 0.12** (0.04) | 0.08* (0.04) | 0.08 (0.05) |
| Withdrawal, distractiona | −0.06 (0.06) | −0.12* (0.05) | −0.04 (0.07) | −0.14** (0.05) | −0.13*** (0.03) | −0.24*** (0.05) | −0.20***/0.02 (0.06/0.04) | −0.29***/−0.01 (0.04/0.03) | −0.32***/−0.10 (0.07/0.07) | −0.13*** (0.04) | −0.13*** (0.03) | −0.23*** (0.05) |
| Pleasant activities, laughter | 0.09 (0.05) | 0.14*** (0.04) | 0.18* (0.09) | 0.05 (0.04) | 0.00 (0.02) | 0.10* (0.05) | 0.05 (0.08) | 0.08 (0.04) | 0.18*** (0.02) | −0.01 (0.06) | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.05 (0.05) |
| Urban activities | −0.06 (0.08) | −0.04 (0.07) | −0.09 (0.09) | −0.04 (0.06) | −0.01 (0.04) | 0.04 (0.05) | 0.03 (0.03) | −0.05 (0.04) | −0.12* (0.06) | 0.01 (0.03) | −0.10*** (0.02) | −0.18*** (0.05) |
| Helping others | −0.17*** (0.03) | −0.17*** (0.04) | −0.32*** (0.06) | −0.30*** (0.06) | −0.12* (0.05) | −0.05 (0.08) | ||||||
| Faith, religion | 0.15*** (0.04) | 0.08** (0.03) | 0.16*** (0.04) | |||||||||
| R2 | 39.5 | 44.4 | 24.1 | 31.8 | 21.0 | 14.6 | 42.0 | 44.3 | 22.8 | 18.1 | 32.3 | 13.8 |
| Fit indices | χ2 | value | 672 | 827 | 811 | 965 | ||||||
| df | 578 | 702 | 645 | 777 | ||||||||
| p | 0.004 | 0.0008 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| RMSEA | 0.018 | 0.019 | 0.02 | 0.02 | ||||||||
| CFI | 0.966 | 0.967 | 0.968 | 0.967 | ||||||||
a
In the Sadness frequency data, the items in this factor loaded on two factors (estimates separated by a slash).
*
P < 0.05,
**
P < 0.01,
***
P < 0.001.