Activity of pepsin estimated by subtracting the paired values from human milk incubated to simulate gastric conditions (milkinc) from those in the stomach for (A) proteolysis, (B) general protease activity and (C) pepsin/cathepsin D activity. Paired milkinc and gastric samples were separated by gestational age (GA), premature (N = 16, 24–32 wk GA, 5–42 days of postnatal age) and term (N = 6, 38–40 wk GA, 14–28 days of postnatal age). Values are mean ± SEM. Asterisks show statistically significant differences between variables (**, P < 0.01; * P < 0.05) using t-tests between preterm (white bars) and term (gray bars) infants.