The relationship between medial (A) and intimal (B) thickening of arteries and intimal thickening of veins (C) and IVs (D) and the severity of pulmonary hypertension as assessed by the transpulmonary gradient measured at right heart catheterization in HF-PH (HFpEF and HFrEF) and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD). The solid line represents the estimated TPG via linear regression based on medial/intimal thickening, and the dotted lines represent the 95% confidence interval.
Abbreviations: % MT, percent medial thickening; % IT, percent intimal thickening