Table 1. Characteristics of the Study Groups.
| Control (N=12) | HF-PH (N=108) | PVOD (N=17) | P value HF vs PVOD | P Value HF vs Control | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69 (58, 91) | 74 (62, 85) | 34 (21, 42) | <0.0001 | 0.71 |
| Male | 5 (41.7%) | 51 (47.2%) | 13 (76.5%) | 0.02 | 0.71 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 23.3 (19.5, 27.2) | 29.4 (24.7, 37.0) | 22.7 (18.6, 24.9) | <0.0001 | 0.0005 |
| Hypertension | 7 (58.3%) | 94 (87.0%) | 2 (11.8%) | <0.0001 | 0.02 |
| Diabetes | 3 (25.0%) | 51 (47.2%) | 2 (11.8%) | 0.007 | 0.22 |
| Dyslipidemia | 4 (33.3%) | 80 (74.1%) | 4 (23.5%) | 0.0001 | 0.007 |
| Ever Smoker | 4 (33.3%) | 47 (43.5%) | 4 (23.5%) | 0.18 | 0.55 |
| Atrial Fibrillation | 0 (0.0%) | 64 (59.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Lung Disease | 0 (0.0%) | 28 (25.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.01 | 0.07 |
| OSA | 2 (17%) | 37 (34%) | 1 (6%) | 0.02 | 0.33 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | <0.0001 | 0.01 | |||
| N | 11 | 108 | 16 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 58 (53, 85) | 48 (29, 60) | 78 (65, 90) | ||
| Echo to death/surgery, days | 101 (19, 869) | 39 (11, 148) | 0.09 | NA | |
| Ejection Fraction, % | 0.04 | NA | |||
| N | 108 | 14 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 48 (25, 63) | 60 (55, 66) | |||
| PASP (echo), mmHg | 59 (50, 70) | 91 (82, 103) | <0.0001 | NA | |
| E/e′ | 0.0008 | NA | |||
| N | 68 | 6 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 21.7 (15.4, 26.9) | 9.5 (7.5, 11.7) | |||
| LA Dilatation | 94/97 (97%) | 2/11 (18%) | <0.0001 | ||
| RV Enlargement | 60/100 (60%) | 16/16 (100%) | 0.001 | NA | |
| RV Dysfunction | 60/98 (61%) | 15/15 (100%) | 0.002 | NA |
Data are n (%), n/n with data (%) or median (Interquartile range).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; LA, left atrial; NA, not available or applicable; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; PVOD, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease; RV, right ventricle