Table 2. Pulmonary vascular remodeling by study group.

	Normal (N=12)	HF-PH (N=108)	PVOD (N=17)	P Value HF vs PVOD	P Value HF vs Control
Arteries - %MT^*	6.9 (0.8)	11.0 (0.3)	15.0 (1.4)	0.005	<0.0001
Arteries - %IT^*	4.9 (1.0)	14.9 (0.8)	31.1 (3.8)	<0.0001	<0.0001
Veins - % IT^*	14.0 (1.3)	24.9 (0.8)	43.9 (3.5)	<0.0001	<0.0001
IV - %IT^*	10.6 (0.8)	25.8 (1.0)	50.0 (2.3)	<0.0001	<0.0001
% of Veins with arterialization	5.3 (0.5, 6.1)	16.4 (9.0, 25.0)	7.8 (4.4, 12.1)	0.02	0.0002
Intimal character distribution within patients
Arteries - % Loose Fibrosis/Hyalinosis	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0.87	0.46
Veins - % Loose Fibrosis/Hyalinosis	31 (24, 43)	25 (11, 49)	2 (0, 7)	<0.0001	0.66
IV - % Loose Fibrosis/Hyalinosis	0 (0, 25)	0 (0, 12)	0 (0, 0)	0.07	0.85
Intimal morphology distribution within patients
*Arteries*
% Concentric	0 (0, 0)	4 (0, 15)	20 (11, 40)	<0.0001	0.001
% Occluded	0 (0, 0)^†	0 (0, 0)^†	0 (0, 0)	<0.0001	1.0
% Recanalized/webs	0 (0, 0)^†	0 (0, 0)	4 (0, 7)	<0.0001	0.76
*Veins*
% Concentric	36 (27, 59)	53 (39, 66)	68 (55, 76)	0.002	0.07
% Occluded	0 (0, 0)^†	0 (0, 0)^†	7 (2, 17)	<0.0001	1.0
% Recanalized/webs	0 (0, 0)^†	0 (0, 0)^†	1.5 (0.4, 7)	<0.0001	1.0
*Indeterminate vessels*
% Concentric	50 (17, 60)	54 (33, 73)	66 (59, 84)	0.05	0.20
% Occluded	0 (0, 0)^†	0 (0, 0)^†	2 (0, 6)	<0.0001	1.0
% Recanalized/webs	0 (0, 0)^†	0 (0, 0)	6 (1, 9)	<0.0001	0.77

Data are shown as median (interquartile range), unless otherwise noted.

Means and p values estimated from mixed model to account for repeated measures within patients. Data summarized as mean (standard error of the mean) from these models.

^†

Equal to 0% for all observations (no variability).