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. 2017 Dec 18;114(5):724–736. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvx244

Figure 3.

Figure 3

  Ventricular spatial and temporal activation characteristics in Scn5a+/− mice. (A) Widefield (WF) epicardial activation maps obtained from the RV surface of WT (upper panel) and Scn5a+/− (lower panel) mouse hearts. Region of interest indicated by dashed black box. (B) Mean epicardial activation times (tAct) from WF images for each ventricle, in WT (black squares, n = 6) and Scn5a+/− (red circles, n = 4) hearts. (C) Individual traces of AP upstrokes from WT (left) and Scn5a+/− hearts (right) recorded using 2 P excitation, time matched to the electrical stimulus pulse. Black line indicates the temporally averaged AP resultant from individual traces. Measured tAct (time from stimulus to 10% of AP rise time) is indicated by a red dot. (D) Mean beat-to-beat AP activation variability (tAct var) for both ventricles, in WT (black squares, n = 9) and Scn5a+/− (red circles, n = 9) hearts. (E) Example 2 P line scan traces showing increased activation delay in the RV when pacing frequency is increased. (F) Difference in AP stimulus-activation delay (Stim-Act Δt) at highest stable pacing frequency relative to 7 Hz pacing. Panels B, D, and F *P < 0.05; comparisons made using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparisons post-test. RVOT; Right ventricular outflow tract.