GR27,28
|
|
Negative regulation of platelet secondary mediator regulated effects (ADP and TXA 2)
|
Mechanism is unknown |
|
ER25,26
|
|
Reduction in platelet responsiveness however, conflicting results exist
|
Mechanism is unknown |
|
AR46–48
|
Testosterone
Dihydrotestosterone
|
Potentiation of platelet aggregation
In vitro and ex vivo
Human and rat platelets
|
Mechanism is unknown |
|
LXR31
|
GW3965
T0901317
24(S)-OH-cholesterol
27-OH-cholesterol
|
Inhibition of platelet function and thrombosis
Conversion of platelets to the procoagulant state
|
interaction
(see Figure 1) |
|
FXR29
|
|
Inhibition of platelet function, thrombosis and haemostasis
In vitro and in vivo
Human, mouse platelets
|
Cyclophillin D-dependent formation of coated platelets and closure of surface integrins
Associated with PS exposure and mitochondrial membrane depolarization
Augmented cGMP levels which promote PKG activity and phosphorylation of VASP S239
(see Figure 1) |
Conversion of platelets to the procoagulant state
|
|
PPARα33
|
|
Inhibition of platelet function
In vitro
Human, mouse platelets
|
(see Figure 2) |
|
PPARβ/δ35
|
|
Inhibition of platelet function
In vitro
Human, mouse platelets
|
|
|
PPARγ38,39
|
|
Inhibition of platelet function, thrombosis and haemostasis
In vitro and in vivo
Human, mouse platelets
|
Inhibition in phosphorylation of Syk and LAT to reduce GPVI signalling
Reduced PPARγ–Syk and PPARγ–LAT interaction upon PPARγ ligand treatment
Negative regulation of integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in via up-regulation of PKA activity and inhibition β3 phosphorylation
(see Figure 2) |
|
RAR41
|
|
Inhibition of cytoskeletal rearrangements and platelet spreading
|
Disruption of RARα–Arp2/3 interactions. (see Figure 3) |
RXR42,43
|
9-cis-retenoic acid
Methoprene acid
Docosahexaenoic acid
|
Inhibition of platelet function, thrombosis and haemostasis
In vitro and in vivo
Human, mouse platelets
|
RXR–Gq interaction and negative regulation of Rac activation to inhibit GPCR-mediated platelet activation
Up-regulation of PKA activity and phosphorylation of VASP S157 in cAMP- and NFκβ-dependent manner (see Figure 3)
|
VDR45
|
|
Low vitamin D plasma levels cause high mean platelet volume, a marker of platelet hyperactivity
|
Mechanism is unknown |