Table 1. Annual notification rate of selected infectious diseases, multiplication factors adjusting for under-estimation, and countries included in the estimation of DALYs, EU/EEA countries, 2009–2013.
| Infectious disease | EU/EEA annual notification of confirmed cases per 100,000 populationa | Multiplication factors adjusting for under-estimationb,c | EU/EEA population included in the estimation of DALYs | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | Countries representedd | Percent of EU/EEA population (%) | ||
| Campylobacteriosise | 49.64 | 53.53 | 55.43 | 52.62 | 52.30 | NA | Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania and Spain | 35 |
| Chlamydia infectionf | 189.06 | 178.90 | 178.25 | 184.79 | 184.45 | No multiplication factor for perinatal chlamydia NA for acquired chlamydia |
All countries | 100 |
| Congenital toxoplasmosisf,g,h | 10.04 | 7.87 | 6.18 | 4.16 | 6.23 | NA | All countries | 100 |
| Cryptosporidiosis | 2.77 | 2.36 | 2.02 | 3.19 | 2.32 | 8.2 to 13.9 | Belgium, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Spain, Sweden and UK | 46 |
| Diphtheria | NS | NS | NS | 0.01 | NS | 2 | Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Sweden and UK | 50 |
| Giardiasis | 5.79 | 6.06 | 5.65 | 5.46 | 5.50 | 14 (4 to 49) | Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and UK | 51 |
| Gonorrhoea | 8.88 | 8.71 | 10.49 | 12.55 | 16.99 | 1.01 to 3.86 for acquired and congenital | Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Malta, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden (and UK for acquired cases) | 42 (acquired) 41 (congenital) |
| Hepatitis A | 3.52 | 2.70 | 2.55 | 2.65 | 2.48 | 4.5 (3.7 to 5.6) | All countries except Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia and Poland | 90 |
| Acute hepatitis B | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 1 to 6.6 | Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden and UK | 76 |
| Acute hepatitis C | 0.30 | 0.70 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 0.50 | NA | NA | NA |
| Human immunodeficiency virus infection/AIDSi | 6.60 | 6.50 | 6.50 | 6.60 | 6.30 | 1.01 to 1.59 | All countries except Italy | 89 |
| Influenzaf | NAv | NAv | NAv | NAv | NAv | NA | All countries | 100 |
| Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 1.41 (1.35 to 1.52) for France 2.27 (2.17 to 2.44) for all other countries |
All countries except Belgium and Bulgaria | 89 |
| Invasive meningococcal disease | 0.91 | 0.75 | 0.81 | 0.73 | 0.71 | 1.0 to 1.14 | All countries except Bulgaria | 99 |
| Invasive pneumococcal disease | 4.39i | 5.17 | 4.88 | 5.04 | 5.01 | Depending on country surveillance system sensitivity: 1 to 2.5 | Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Lithuania, Malta, Norway, Slovakia, Slovenia and Sweden | 11 |
| Legionnaires’ disease | 1.10 | 1.16 | 0.88 | 1.06 | 1.06 | Depending on country surveillance system sensitivity: 1 to 3.03 1 to 7.69 1 to 60.24 |
All countries | 100 |
| Listeriosis | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.36 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.3) for acquired and perinatal | Acquired listeriosis: all countries except Bulgaria and Lithuania Perinatal listeriosis: Austria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden and UK |
98 (acquired) 67 (congenital) |
| Measles | 13.91 | 68.59 | 63.00 | 22.18 | 20.96 | 1.5 for outbreak year to 2.5 for non-outbreak year | All countries | 100 |
| Mumps | 4.90 | 3.32 | 3.50 | 5.40 | 5.86 | 4.57 to 6.99 | All countries except Belgium, France and Germany | 70 |
| Pertussisf | 5.80 | 4.44 | 5.50 | 11.65 | 5.92 | NA | All countries | 100 |
| Poliomyelitis | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | NA | All countries | 100 |
| Q Feveri | 0.88 | 0.35 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 5.04 | All countries except Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark and Italy | 76 |
| Rabiesi | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NA | All countries | 100 |
| Rubella | 4.81 | 2.25 | 15.48 | 76.50 | 140.30 | 10 for acquired rubella 2 to 3.57 for congenital rubella syndrome |
Acquired rubella: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and UK Congenital rubella syndrome: all countries except Austria |
68 (acquired) 98 (congenital) |
| Salmonellosise | 26.34 | 24.67 | 23.53 | 23.19 | 21.37 | NA | Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden and UK | 62 |
| Shigellosis | 1.88 | 1.82 | 1.76 | 1.53 | 1.37 | 18.3 (2.9 to 39.5) | All countries except Bulgaria, Lithuania, Luxembourg and Poland | 91 |
| Shiga toxin/verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC/VTEC) infectioni | 0.84 | 0.84 | 2.20 | 1.28 | 1.37 | 26.68 (1.6 to 109.7) | All countries except Bulgaria, Lithuania and Italy | 86 |
| Syphilis | 4.43 | 4.20 | 4.61 | 4.63 | 4.93 | 1.01 to 3.86 for acquired syphilis 1 for congenital syphilis |
Acquired syphilis: Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Sweden Congenital syphilis: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and UK |
31 (acquired) 75 (congenital) |
| Tetanus | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 1.41 to 2.78 | All countries except Finland and Germany | 83 |
| Tick-borne encephalitisj | NAv | NAv | NAv | 0.54 | 0.71 | 3.33 to 5k | Austria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and UK | 78 |
| Tuberculosis | 15.87 | 15.00 | 14.32 | 13.50 | 12.66 | Country-specific depending on country surveillance system sensitivityl | All countries | 100 |
| Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NA | All countries | 100 |
DALYs: disability-adjusted life years; EU/EEA: European Union/European Economic Area; NA: not applicable; NAv: not available; NS: not specified (< 0.01); UK: United Kingdom.
a Except where indicated, based on the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) surveillance atlas of infectious diseases (accessed 1 August 2016) [59].
b One number only corresponds to a point estimate, two numbers constitute a range and three numbers refer to a most likely value, lower and upper bound. See Supplement 3 for more details.
c Under-estimation is the combination of under-reporting, those cases that are not reported to the surveillance system, and under-ascertainment, those cases that did not access the healthcare system. See Gibbons et al. [29].
d All countries means all EU/EEA countries except for Croatia, which joined the EU in 2012.
e Estimation of incidence is based on a seroincidence study [60].
f Estimation of incidence is based on age group and sex-specific incidence or prevalence from published literature.
g Notification rate per 100,000 < 1-year-of-age population.
h Acquired form is not notifiable to ECDC.
i Based on ECDC annual epidemiological reports [61].
j 2012 and 2013 notified data only as disease was not previously notifiable to ECDC.
k Notification of cases in meningo-encephalitic phase only; therefore, data are adjusted in order to estimate the number of symptomatic cases.
l Based on the ECDC/World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe report, Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2015 [62].