Table 5.

Associations of metabolites within the BCAA pattern with change in fasting glucose in boys and change in serum triglycerides in girls.

	Factor loading	Boys (n = 63)	Girls (n = 83)
		β (95% CI) for change in fasting glucose (mg/dL)a	β (95% CI) for change in serum triglycerides (mg/dL)a
Valine	0.83	−2.91 (−6.83, 1.02)	1.72 (−1.88, 5.31)
Leucine	0.76	−2.12 (−5.48, 1.24)	1.72 (−1.56, 4.99)
Phenylalanine	0.72	−3.35 (−6.70, 0.01)	0.78 (−2.87, 4.44)
Isoleucine	0.71	−3.10 (−7.07, 0.87)	2.26 (−1.16, 5.67)
Propionylcarnitine (C3)	0.66	−4.38 (−7.79, −0.97)	2.01 (−2.31, 6.33)
2-methylbutyrylcarnitine (C5)	0.63	−2.01 (−6.13, 2.10)	2.74 (−0.69, 6.16)
Isovalerylcarnitine	0.30	−2.18 (−5.13, 0.76)	−0.46 (−3.78, 2.86)
Isobutyrylcarnitine	0.56	−3.54 (−6.18, −0.90)	−0.22 (−3.40, 2.95)
Tryptophan	0.54	−2.65 (−6.29, 0.98)	−1.81 (−5.79, 2.16)
3-methyl-2-oxovalerate (KMV)	0.52	−0.81 (−4.46, 2.85)	1.13 (−2.99, 5.25)
Kynurenine	0.52	−1.39 (−5.06, 2.28)	3.65 (0.10, 7.21)
Tyrosine	0.51	−3.70 (−8.35, 0.94)	−2.38 (−6.14, 1.38)
Gamma-glutamylleucine	0.51	−2.92 (−6.72, 0.88)	4.44 (1.10, 7.79)
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate (KIC)	0.51	−0.63 (−4.06, 2.80)	−0.19 (−4.23, 3.85)

^aEstimates are adjusted for age, pubertal status, BMI percentile, and biomarker level at the mid-childhood visit, and age at the early teen visit. Bolded text indicates statistical significance at alpha<0.05.