Table 2.
Cumulative positive predictive values (PPVs) across all cancer sitesa
| Sex | Age group, years | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||||||
| ≥40 | ≥50 | ≥60 | ≥70 | ≥80 | ≥90 | 40–49 | 50–59 | 60–69 | 70–79 | 80–89 | ≥90 | 40–59 | 60–79 | ≥80 | ||
| Lowest LRs from SR | Female | 1.6 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 3.5 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 4.4 |
| Combined | 5.2 | 7.2 | 10.0 | 12.7 | 13.5 | 13.9 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 7.2 | 12.2 | 13.5 | 13.9 | 1.2 | 9.2 | 13.5 | |
| Male | 5.4 | 7.5 | 10.5 | 13.7 | 15.0 | 16.1 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 7.5 | 13.0 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 1.3 | 9.6 | 15.0 | |
|
| ||||||||||||||||
| Highest LRs from SR | Female | 3.6 | 5.0 | 6.7 | 8.7 | 9.9 | 8.4 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 4.2 | 7.8 | 10.5 | 8.4 | 1.3 | 5.7 | 9.9 |
| Combined | 7.3 | 10.1 | 14.0 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 19.1 | 0.7 | 3.2 | 9.8 | 17.0 | 19.9 | 19.1 | 1.8 | 12.6 | 19.6 | |
| Male | 7.3 | 10.1 | 14.2 | 18.8 | 21.3 | 22.3 | 0.6 | 3.1 | 9.8 | 17.5 | 21.1 | 22.3 | 1.8 | 12.8 | 21.3 | |
a
Shading: PPV 1–1.9% (yellow) and 2–2.9% (amber): NICE suggests GPs consider primary care testing.≥3% (red): NICE recommends referral for specialist review or definitive investigation if the investigation is available to the GP. The combined analysis includes: colorectal, gastro-oesophageal, lung, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, and renal tract cancer. Prostate cancer is removed from the female analysis, and ovarian from the male. No shading: <1%, no testing needed. LR = likelihood ratio. NICE = National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. SR = systematic review.