Table 1.

CHD and type 2 diabetes risk markers by frequency of takeaway meal consumption (1948 children)

	Frequency of takeaway meal consumption			Differences/ % differences*≥1week − never or hardly ever	P value (trend)
	Never, hardly ever (n=499)	<1 per week (n=894)	≥1 per week (n=555)
	Mean (95% CI)	Mean (95% CI)	Mean (95% CI)
Fat mass index (kg/m5)*	2.01 (1.95 to 2.08)	2.10 (2.05 to 2.15)	2.11 (2.05 to 2.18)	5.06 (0.53 to 9.79)	0.03
Sum of skinfolds (mm)*	39.8 (38.1  to 41.6)	41.8 (40.4 to 43.2)	42.3 (40.5 to 44.1)	6.14 (0.05 to 12.60)	0.05
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.44 (4.37  to 4.50)	4.51 (4.46 to 4.56)	4.53 (4.47 to 4.59)	0.09 (0.00 to 0.18)	0.04
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.58 (2.52 to 2.64)	2.66 (2.61 to 2.70)	2.68 (2.62 to 2.73)	0.10 (0.02 to 0.18)	0.01
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.53 (1.50 to 1.56)	1.53 (1.51 to 1.56)	1.54 (1.51 to 1.57)	0.01 (−0.02 to 0.05)	0.47
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	104.5 (103.4 to 105.6)	104.6 (103.7 to 105.5)	103.4 (102.3 to 104.5)	−1.12 (−2.41 to 0.17)	0.08
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	62.5 (61.6 to 63.4)	62.8 (62.1 to 63.6)	62.2 (61.3 to 63.1)	−0.27 (−1.40 to 0.87)	0.63
Insulin (mmol/L)*	7.17 (6.72 to 7.66)	7.28 (6.90 to 7.69)	7.31 (6.86 to 7.78)	1.84 (−5.48 to 9.72)	0.64
HbA1c (%)*	5.27 (5.24 to 5.30)	5.25 (5.23 to 5.27)	5.28 (5.25 to 5.31)	0.28 (−0.49 to 1.06)	0.45
Glucose (mmol/L)*	4.46 (4.43 to 4.49)	4.44 (4.42 to 4.47)	4.48 (4.45 to 4.51)	0.62 (−0.25 to 1.50)	0.15
Triglycerides (mmol/L)*	0.83 (0.80 to 0.86)	0.83 (0.81 to 0.85)	0.81 (0.78 to 0.84)	−2.60 (−6.99 to 2.00)	0.26

Adjusted means and 95% CI are adjusted for age (quartiles), sex, month, ethnic group, socioeconomic status and school (random effect). Missing values for: systolic and diastolic BP,³ insulin,⁸ HbA1c and¹⁹ glucose.¹⁴

*Geometric means are presented for variables that were log transformed prior to undertaking the analysis.

BP, blood pressure; CHD, coronary heart disease; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.