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. 2018 Apr 17;6:41. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00041

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Copyright © 2018 Carrabba and Madeddu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic illustration of TEVG manufacturing process. (A,B) Tissues obtained from biopsies of patients are treated and cells are isolated and expanded in vitro. (C) Microfabrication techniques, such as freeze-drying and electrospinning, can be used to treat natural and synthetic materials in order to obtain a porous scaffold. Another approach sees the casting of a suspension of gel and cells into a mold to produce a tubular structure. Vascular and non-vascular tissues, obtained from allogeneic or xenogeneic sources, are used as TEVGs after being decellularized by using detergents and enzymes. (D) The TEVG undergoes cellularization with the expanded autologous cells before moving to dynamic conditioning into bioreactor which allows the maturation of the structure. (E) The manufactured TEVG is implanted into the patient.