Table 1.

A selection of ecological factors as potential predictors of congeneric pairings between red wolves and coyotes

Factors	Link to breeding pair formation	Sources
Red wolf to mate body size ratio	Congeneric pairings more likely between coyotes and wolves when they are similar in body size	Hinton, Rabon et al. (2015), Hinton et al. (2016), Hinton, Ashley et al. (2017)
Home‐range size	Congeneric pairings more likely between coyotes and wolves when wolves maintain small home ranges (e.g., ≤50 km2)	Hinton, Rabon et al. (2015), Hinton et al. (2016), Hinton, Ashley et al. (2017)
Red wolf to nonwolf ratio	Congeneric pairings more likely when coyotes outnumber wolves	Benson et al. (2012), Rutledge, White et al. (2012), Bohling and Waits (2015), Hinton, Brzeski et al. (2017)
Presence of helpers	Congeneric pairings more likely between solitary wolves and coyotes	Rutledge, Patterson et al. (2010), Rutledge, White et al. (2012), Bohling and Waits (2015)
Gunshot mortalities	Congeneric pairings more likely following disruption of packs by gunshots	Rutledge, Patterson et al. (2010), Rutledge, White et al. (2012), Benson et al. (2014), Bohling and Waits (2015), Hinton, Brzeski et al. (2017)
Sex	Congeneric pairings more likely between female wolves and male coyotes	Bohling and Waits (2015), Hinton, Brzeski et al. (2017)
First mating event	Congeneric pairings more likely between coyotes and young, inexperienced wolves	Bohling and Waits (2015)