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Relative gene expression of the four gene of interests in brains of dealate newly mated (24‐hr postmating flight) queens versus alate virgin queens. Gene expression determined by qPCR was normalized to both elf1‐beta and rpl18. Bars represent mean log2 fold change ±SEM. “*” Indicates significant differences in gene expression between dealate newly mated versus alate virgin queens as determined by t tests, n = 4. p Values: hexamerin 1, <.001; astakine, .059; nc725, .007; nc909, .062
