Table 1.
Study A, baseline characteristics of the three groups
| Measure and category | Progressor & Linear (n=309) | Progressor & Nonlinear (n=108) | Nonprogressor (n=77) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.9 | |||
| Male | 163 (52.8%) | 56 (51.9%) | 38 (49%) | |
| Female | 146 (47.2%) | 52 (48.1%) | 39 (51%) | |
| PKD genotype | 0.1 | |||
| NMD | 23 (7.6%) | 9 (8.7%) | 9 (12%) | |
| PKD1 | 231 (76.7%) | 79 (76.0%) | 46 (62%) | |
| PKD2 | 47 (15.6%) | 16 (15.4%) | 19 (26%) | |
| Previous use of any ARB at screening | 52 (17.9%) | 18 (18.6%) | 13 (18%) | 0.9 |
| Previous use of any ACEi at screening | 151 (52.1%) | 43 (44.3%) | 36 (49%) | 0.4 |
| Drug group | 0.8 | |||
| Lisinopril/Telmisartan | 152 (49.2%) | 52 (48.1%) | 35 (46%) | |
| Lisinopril/Placebo | 157 (50.8%) | 56 (51.9%) | 42 (55%) | |
| BP group | 0.6 | |||
| Low BP | 156 (50.5%) | 54 (50.0%) | 34 (44%) | |
| Standard BP | 153 (49.5%) | 54 (50.0%) | 43 (55%) | |
| Family history of ADPKD | 272 (88.0%) | 92 (85.2%) | 65 (84%) | 0.6 |
| Hematuria in past 6 mo | 8 (2.6%) | 8 (7.4%) | 3 (4%) | 0.07 |
| Smoking history | 0.9 | |||
| Never | 184 (59.7%) | 64 (61.0%) | 43 (57%) | |
| Former | 92 (29.9%) | 32 (30.5%) | 27 (36%) | |
| Current | 32 (10.4%) | 9 (8.6%) | 6 (8%) | |
| MRI Class ╪ | < 0.001 | |||
| 1A + 2A | 26 (8.5%) | 10 (9.4%) | 22 (29%) | |
| 1B + 1C | 173 (56.4%) | 52 (49.1%) | 44 (57%) | |
| 1D + 1E | 108 (35.2%) | 44 (41.5%) | 11 (14%) | |
| Age at baseline (years) | 37.3 ± 8.0 | 36.7 ± 8.5 | 36.6 ± 8.7 | 0.7 |
| Age at diagnosis of ADPKD | 27.8 ± 10.1 | 26.3 ± 10.0 | 29.9 ± 9.0 | 0.05 |
| Age at diagnosis of HTN | 30.6 ± 8.9 | 30.6 ± 9.2 | 31.7 ± 8.7 | 0.6 |
| Home average SBP (mmHg) | 124.4 ± 9.5 | 124.7 ± 9.7 | 121.7 ± 8.1 | 0.1 |
| Home average DBP (mmHg) | 82.8 ± 7.7 | 83.3 ± 7.9 | 80.7 ± 7.5 | 0.1 |
| LVMI (g/m2) | 64.1 ± 12.9 | 64.0 ± 13.1 | 63.4 ± 13.2 | 0.9 |
| TKV (mL) | 1287.2 ± 759.3 | 1379.7 ± 750.5 | 800.5 ± 458.2 | < 0.001 |
| Height-adjusted TKV (mL/m) | 732.3 ± 421.9 | 793.7 ± 411.1 | 463.6 ± 257.3 | < 0.001 |
| Renal blood flow (ml/min/1.73m2) | 587.6 ± 201.0 | 602.6 ± 193.6 | 664.9 ± 205.3 | 0.03 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 89.9 ± 17.5 | 89.4 ± 16.7 | 94.9 ± 15.6 | 0.05 |
| Urine aldosterone (μg/24 | h) 12.1 ± 9.7 | 11.4 ± 8.3 | 13.0 ± 10.5 | 0.3* |
| Urine albumin (mg/24 h) | 19.1 [13.0–33.3] | 20.1 [11.7–37.4] | 15.1 [10.2–22.7]) | 0.01* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 ± 5.3 | 27.1 ± 4.5 | 25.6 ± 4.2 | 0.01 |
| Weight (kg) | 84.1 ± 18.3 | 81.6 ± 16.1 | 76.1 ± 15.9 | < 0.01 |
| Urinary creatinine excretion (mg/24 h) | 1528.9 ± 735.5 | 1470.1 ± 549.1 | 1529.5 ± 606.1 | 0.7 |
Note: Values for categorical variables are given as number (percentage); values for continuous variables, as mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range].
p value from log transformed variable
Imaging classification (based on TKV growth rate) by Irazabal et al.22, where MRI class 1A and 2A represent the lowest risk for GFR decline, class 1B and 1C an intermediate risk, and class 1D and 1E the highest risk for rapid decline in GFR.
ACEi: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; DBP, diastolic BP; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate (using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine equation); HTN: hypertension; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; NMD: no mutation detected; PKD, polycystic kidney disease; SBP, systolic BP; TKV: total kidney volume.