GM-CSF attenuates different Aβ oligomer levels in AD mice. (A) Immunoblot image showing different Aβ oligomer species in non-Tg and AD mice brain homogenates. (B) Densitometric analysis revealed expression of monomer, dimer, pentamer, hexamer, and Aβ75 oligomer species of Aβ as well as sAPPα (n=6 per group). Data are presented as mean intensity of expression ± SEM, and *p ≤ 0.05 and **p ≤ 0.01 compared to AD/PBS as determined by Student’s t-test.