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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Stroke. 2018 Apr 18;49(5):1091–1098. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.018291

Fig. 1. Application of pluripotent stem cells in cell therapy for stroke-injured brain.

Fig. 1

(i) Pluripotent stem cells can be derived from blastocyst (embryonic stem cells, ESCs) or through reprogramming of post-mitotic somatic cells, most commonly fibroblasts, generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (ii) Both ESCs and iPSCs can be treated in vitro to generate glia and neurons. (iii) Transplantation of glial and neuronal cells at early stages of their development into stroke-injured brain can lead to functional recovery through promotion of myelinogenesis and/or restoration of astrocyte network (glia) or by increasing cellular plasticity and/or restoring neuronal network (neurons).