Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2017 Oct 24;83:142–147. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.10.015

Table 2.

Association between Reported Exposure and Purchasing/Smoking

DV → Purchase Impulse Smoking
n1 n2 dfd PE SE F p dfd PE SE F P dfd PE SE F P
IVs↓
No. of Advertisements (0–4+) 2282 56
Between 2111 .98 .27 13.33 .0003 2110 1.04 .33 9.66 .0019 2109 .38 .21 3.31 .07
Within 2111 .56 .05 157.17 <.0001 2110 .34 .05 38.54 <.0001 2109 .22 .02 110.60 <.0001
Within-Lagged 1386 .04 .06 .49 .48 1384 − .03 .83 .13 .72 1381 .015 .03 .33 .56
Menthol 2282 56
Between 2112 .74 .64 1.35 .25 2111 1.63 .84 3.81 .05 2110 .38 .53 .52 .47
Within 2112 1.93 .13 218.93 <.0001 2111 1.35 .16 72.07 <.0001 2110 .49 .05 72.10 <.0001
Within-Lagged 1386 −.29 .16 3.21 .07 1384 .08 .20 .19 .66 1382 − .002 .69 0.00 .96

Table 2 Note. n1 = number of level 1 units, i.e., assessments; n2 = number of subjects (level 2 units). n1 for between and within analyses for impulse = 2281; n1 for between and within analyses for smoking = 2280. Between = Mean Exposure; Within = Deviation Exposure (see text for details). n1 for lagged analyses: Purchase = 1553; Impulse = 1551; Smoking = 1549. dfd = denominator degrees of freedom (for all analyses, numerator df= 1)