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. 2018 Apr 24;18:63. doi: 10.1186/s12935-018-0557-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Single versus combined treatment with RTKi and autophagy blocking agents. RTKi were used as a single treatment or in combination with a Chloroquine (CQ; 25 μM) or b Spautin-1 (SP1; 10 μM). Changes in LC3, BECLIN 1, p62 and ATG5 protein levels were evaluated by western blot. Changes in autophagy and apoptosis activation were validated in parallel. Apoptosis was evaluated by measuring intensity of PARP cleavage. Besides, MCL1 protein expression was checked out in order to determine the capacity of combined treatment to decrease it. GAPDH served as a loading control protein. D DMSO, CQ Chloroquine, SP1 Spautin-1, Af Afatinib (8 μM), Sor Sorafenib (14 μM), TP TP-0903 (0.15 μM)