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. 2018 Apr 24;37:88. doi: 10.1186/s13046-018-0756-9

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — CD34⁺ primary AML blasts become sensitized to DNT-mediated cytotoxicity after daunorubicin pre-treatment. a & b Primary AML blasts from patients were grouped according to whether the patients had undergone complete remission (chemotherapy-susceptible, n = 8) or were relapse/resistant (chemotherapy-resistant, n = 5). Primary AML blasts were cultured for 24 h in complete media and either a 0.25 μg/mL AraC, or b 0.4 μg/mL DNR, followed by a 2 h incubation with DNTs at an E:T ratio of 2:1. % Specific killing by DNTs after chemotherapy pre-treatment is shown in comparison to the vehicle control as pre-treatment. c & d Averages from Figs. 4a and b were plotted in pairs (each pair represents an individual patient) to compare the overall effect of c) AraC or d) DNR on the susceptibility of primary AML samples to DNTs. e Normal PBMCs (n = 2), obtained from healthy donors (HDs), along with KG1a were pre-treated with AraC, DNR, or the vehicle control, followed by a co-culture with DNTs at varying E:T ratios. All of the cytotoxicity assays were performed using DNTs that were allogeneic to the patient or HD samples. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.