Species richness promotes ecosystem stability at different spatial scales. (a) Species richness was positively associated with the temporal stability of ecosystem above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) across years (1982–2014) at a given spatial scale (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 m2, respectively). (b) Species asynchrony was positively associated with ecosystem stability. (c) Species richness was positively associated with species asynchrony. (d) Relationships between species richness and ecosystem ANPP [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]