. 2018 Apr 25;8:21. doi: 10.1038/s41387-018-0032-2

Table 1.

Anthropometric, biochemical, and hormonal characteristics of patients with obesity and obesity/type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing VLCD

	Controls	OB before	OB after	T2DM before	T2DM after
Number	22	23	23	27	27
Age (year)	51.6 ± 1.33	51.4 ± 2.10	NP	55.4 ± 1.54	NP
Body mass index (kg/m²)	23.4 ± 0.44	44.9 ± 2.15*	42.5 ± 2.15^,*	50.9 ± 1.63^,**	47.9 ± 1.52^,^,**
Blood glucose (mmol/l)	4.91 ± 0.08	5.39 ± 0.20	5.00 ± 0.11**	9.46 ± 0.80^,**	7.31 ± 0.50^,^,**
HbA_1c (mmol/mol)	37.5 ± 0.81	41.9 ± 1.22	NP	71.4 ± 4.67^,**	NP
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	5.18 ± 0.22	5.00 ± 0.30	4.58 ± 0.27	4.85 ± 0.25	3.85 ± 0.16^,^,**
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	1.12 ± 0.12	1.61 ± 0.20	1.26 ± 0.14	2.26 ± 0.27^,**	1.85 ± 0.16^,**
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.65 ± 0.07	1.38 ± 0.08	1.31 ± 0.09*	1.08 ± 0.04^,**	1.03 ± 0.11^,^,**
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	3.03 ± 0.17	2.90 ± 0.22	2.70 ± 0.21	2.80 ± 0.20	2.05 ± 0.16^,^,**
Insulin (mUI/l)	16.6 ± 0.76	39.7 ± 4.73*	33.8 ± 2.70*	52.3 ± 9.23*	41.5 ± 3.94*
Leptin (ng/ml)	13.3 ± 2.00	47.3 ± 5.05*	40.8 ± 5.05^,*	61.3 ± 3.81^,**	53.7 ± 4.39^,^,**
hsC-reactive protein (mg/l)	0.20 ± 0.05	1.51 ± 0.40*	1.22 ± 0.34^,*	2.34 ± 0.28^,**	1.41 ± 0.21^,*
HOMA index	3.64 ± 0.20	9.93 ± 1.42*	7.67 ± 0.69^,*	20.82 ± 3.65^,**	11.83 ± 1.18^,^,**
ANGPTL4 mRNA expression in SAT	1.04 ± 0.09	1.23 ± 0.17	1.44 ± 0.16	1.07 ± 0.08	1.10 ± 0.13

Values are mean ± SEM

OB non-diabetic obese subjects, T2DM obese subjects with T2DM, NP non-measured parameter

*p < 0.05 vs. controls, one-way ANOVA/ANOVA on ranks; **p < 0.05 vs. before VLCD, paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test; ***p < 0.05 vs. non-diabetic obese subjects, unpaired t-test or Mann–Whitney rank sum test