Table 1.

Characteristics of participants (mean ± SD).

	cLBP	healthy control	P-value
Participants (n)	24	26
Gender (M:F)	11:13	13:13
Age (years)	35.86 ± 7.64	32.35 ± 7.19	0.10
education level (years)	12.96 ± 2.46	13.69 ± 1.89	0.25
Height (cm)	163.00 ± 6.69	165.23 ± 7.35	0.27
Weight (kg)	58.08 ± 8.57	57.31 ± 9.13	0.76
BMI (kg/m2)	21.75 ± 2.05	20.97 ± 2.02	0.19
Pain intensity (VAS)	3.96 ± 1.04	—
Pain duration (years)	6.83 ± 6.12	—
ODI (%)	32.75 ± 20.06	—

cLBP, chronic low back pain; BMI, body mass index; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index;

VAS, visual analog scale.