Table 3.

Within-subject’s EMG activity of deep multifidus muscle in cLBP.

	Painful side	Nonpainful side	t-value	P-value
AEMG	389.97 ± 186.65	463.92 ± 209.65	−1.35	0.19
RMS	276.49 ± 143.99	259.09 ± 84.32	−0.54	0.592
MF	199.33 ± 34.48	176.10 ± 32.66	3.39	0.003
MPF	210.10 ± 29.60	189.90 ± 29.13	3.49	0.002

cLBP, chronic low back pain; AEMG, average EMG; RMS, root mean square; MF, median frequency; MPF, mean power frequency.