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. 2018 Apr 25;8:6535. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24964-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of zur mutation in UPEC virulence-associated phenotypes. (A) Hemolysis after 1 hour infection of sheep blood cell suspensions with J96, JFV21 (J96ΔI), JFV16 (J96ΔII) and EV64 (J96ΔIΔII) strains and their otherwise isogenic zur mutants (EV27, EV34, EV38 and EV65). The release of haemoglobin was monitored by OD_545 nm. (B) T24 cell monolayer detachment activity. Percentage of remaining attached T24 cells, measured as OD_590 nm, after 3.5 h post-infection with the same strains as in (A) Mean values with standard deviation from three independent experiments (A) and three biological replicates (B) are plotted. *P < 0.05 **P < 0.0001 n.s.: non-significant, t test with p-values adjusted by Bonferroni’s method (C) Phase contrast microscopy of T24 bladder epithelial cell monolayers infected for 2 hours with the indicated strains. Scale bar, 0.1 mm.