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When the TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) signaling pathway is activated, it increases Tregs stability, responses to TCR stimulation, expansion, and function. It enhances Tregs and effector T cells to produce IL-2 and promotes the sensitivity of Tregs to IL-2. IL-2 can inhibit Th17 cells differentiation and the effect of TNFR2 signaling on Tregs. Under inflammatory condition, mTNFR2 can shed to sTNFR2, sTNFR2 neutralizes TNF and hampers IL-6 expression.
