Table 3.
ORs and 95% CIs for type 2 diabetes across tertiles of the dietary patterns’ scores and per 1 SD of the dietary patterns' scores
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | p for trend | per 1 SD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ref. | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
| Europe (n = 1851) | ||||||||
| Factor 1 | ||||||||
| Diabetes/no diabetes | 94/523 | 63/554 | 59/558 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.69 | 0.49–0.98 | 0.71 | 0.49–1.01 | 0.055 | 0.88 | 0.76–1.03 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.72 | 0.50–1.02 | 0.79 | 0.54–1.16 | 0.204 | 0.94 | 0.79–1.11 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.62 | 0.43–0.90 | 0.70 | 0.47–1.03 | 0.058 | 0.89 | 0.75–1.06 |
| Factor 2 | ||||||||
| Diabetes/no diabetes | 69/548 | 82/535 | 65/552 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.07 | 0.75–1.53 | 0.71 | 0.49–1.04 | 0.051 | 0.95 | 0.82–1.10 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.11 | 0.77–1.59 | 0.78 | 0.52–1.16 | 0.175 | 1.00 | 0.85–1.18 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 1.11 | 0.77–1.61 | 0.94 | 0.62–1.42 | 0.716 | 1.09 | 0.92–1.29 |
| Urban Ghana (n = 1420) | ||||||||
| Factor 1 | ||||||||
| Diabetes/no diabetes | 72/401 | 36/438 | 27/446 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.57 | 0.37–0.88 | 0.53 | 0.32–0.86 | 0.007 | 0.74 | 0.60–0.93 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.58 | 0.37–0.91 | 0.58 | 0.33–1.05 | 0.045 | 0.77 | 0.59–1.02 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.55 | 0.34–0.87 | 0.55 | 0.30–0.98 | 0.027 | 0.74 | 0.56–0.97 |
| Factor 2 | ||||||||
| Diabetes/no diabetes | 42/431 | 50/424 | 43/430 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.11 | 0.71–1.72 | 0.99 | 0.63–1.57 | 0.941 | 0.98 | 0.82–1.18 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.12 | 0.71–1.79 | 1.14 | 0.67–1.94 | 0.644 | 1.07 | 0.85–1.34 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 1.13 | 0.71–1.81 | 1.17 | 0.68–2.01 | 0.575 | 1.08 | 0.87–1.36 |
| Rural Ghana (n = 942) | ||||||||
| Factor 1 | ||||||||
| Diabetes/no diabetes | 20/294 | 19/295 | 7/307 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.18 | 0.61–2.31 | 0.47 | 0.19–1.15 | 0.103 | 0.81 | 0.57–1.15 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.39 | 0.70–2.78 | 0.70 | 0.27–1.80 | 0.533 | 0.98 | 0.67–1.45 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 1.60 | 0.79–3.26 | 0.69 | 0.26–1.83 | 0.557 | 0.99 | 0.67–1.48 |
| Factor 2 | ||||||||
| Diabetes/no diabetes | 24/290 | 10/304 | 12/302 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.45 | 0.21–0.98 | 0.62 | 0.30–1.27 | 0.185 | 0.75 | 0.53–1.05 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.45 | 0.20–0.98 | 0.81 | 0.35–1.89 | 0.518 | 0.81 | 0.54–1.20 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.45 | 0.20–1.02 | 0.76 | 0.32–1.79 | 0.459 | 0.79 | 0.52–1.19 |
Model 1: age, sex
Model 2: Model 1 plus education (never or elementary; low; intermediate; high vocational), total energy intake (kcal/day), smoking (never; current; former), physical activity (METs-h per week);
Model 3: Model 2 plus BMI (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm)
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, SD standard deviation