Table I. Characteristics of CCS, their Siblings, and the Population-Based SHS.
| CCS (N = 1,096) |
Siblingsa (N = 500) |
SHSa (N = 5,593) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%b) | n (%b) | P-valuec | n (%b) | P-valued | |
| Socio-demographic conditions | |||||
| Age at study | |||||
| 20–<25 years | 454 (41) | 196 (39) | 2,348 (42) | ||
| 25–<30 years | 325 (30) | 156 (31) | 1,638 (29) | ||
| 30–<35 years | 201 (18) | 95 (19) | 1,022 (18) | ||
| 35–40 years | 116 (11) | 53 (11) | n.a.a | 585 (10) | n.a.a |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 578 (53) | 261 (52) | 3,015 (54) | ||
| Female | 515 (47) | 239 (48) | n.a.a | 2,578 (46) | n.a.a |
| Migration backgrounde | |||||
| Yes | 296 (27) | 124 (25) | n.a.a | 1,491 (27) | n.a.a |
| Language region | |||||
| German | 830 (76) | 384 (77) | 4,239 (76) | ||
| French | 229 (21) | 98 (20) | 1,129 (20) | ||
| Italian | 37 (3) | 18 (4) | n.a.a | 225 (4) | n.a.a |
| Educational levelf | |||||
| Low | 605 (56) | 186 (39) | 3,698 (71) | ||
| High | 466 (44) | 289 (61) | <0.001 | 1,504 (29) | <0.001 |
| Marital status | |||||
| Having a life partner | |||||
| No | 572 (53) | 196 (39) | |||
| Yes | 510 (47) | 302 (61) | <0.001 | n.a.g | n.a.g |
| Civil status | |||||
| Single | 893 (83) | 389 (78) | 4,013 (72) | ||
| Married | 170 (16) | 100 (20) | 1,440 (26) | ||
| Divorced | 18 (2) | 7 (1) | 130 (2) | ||
| Widowed | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.112 | 7 (<1) | <0.001 |
| Cancer-related conditions | |||||
| Diagnosis (ICCC-3) | |||||
| Leukemia | 400 (37) | n.a.i | n.a.i | ||
| Lymphoma | 218 (20) | ||||
| CNS | 129 (12) | ||||
| Neuroblastoma | 42 (4) | ||||
| Retinoblastoma | 23 (2) | ||||
| Renal tumor | 63 (6) | ||||
| Hepatic tumor | 7 (1) | ||||
| Bone tumor | 61 (6) | ||||
| Soft tissue sarcoma | 60 (6) | ||||
| Germ cell tumor | 31 (3) | ||||
| Langerhans cell histiocytosis | 44 (4) | ||||
| Other tumorsh | 18 (2) | ||||
| Treatmentsj | |||||
| Chemotherapy | 931 (85) | n.a.i | n.a.i | ||
| Surgery | 736 (67) | ||||
| Radiotherapy | 433 (40) | ||||
| Bone marrow transplantation | 43 (4) | ||||
| Age at diagnosis | |||||
| 0–5 years | 423 (39) | n.a.i | n.a.i | ||
| >5–10 years | 279 (25) | ||||
| >10–16 years | 394 (36) | ||||
| Relapse | |||||
| No | 955 (87) | ||||
| Yes | 141 (13) | n.a.i | n.a.i | ||
CNS, central nervous system; ICCC-3, International Classification of Childhood Cancer—Third Edition [25]; n, number; n.a., not applicable/not available. Percentages are based upon available data for each variable.
Standardized on age, gender, migration background, and language region according to the CCS population;
Column percentages are given;
P-value calculated from chi-square statistics comparing CCS to siblings;
P-value calculated from chi-square statistics comparing CCS to SHS;
Migration background was defined if a participant fulfilled one of the following criteria: not born in Switzerland, no Swiss citizenship from birth on, at least one parent with no Swiss citizenship;
Low educational level includes compulsory training and vocational training. High educational level includes upper secondary and university education;
Information on life partner was not available for SHS;
Other malignant epithelial neoplasms, malignant melanomas, and other or unspecified malignant neoplasms;
Information on former cancer disease is not applicable for siblings and SHS;
Each participant could have had more than one treatment.