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. 2018 Apr 19;9:752. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00752

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Co-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by CD4+ T cells. Intracellular staining for pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined on blood samples that were stimulated with PMA and calcium ionophore in the presence of brefeldin A. (A) Analysis of co-expression of IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-4 by CD161+ CD4+ T cells and CD161− CD4+ T cells of 13 young [of which 8 were cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositive] and 23 old (of which 15 were CMV seropositive) subjects. Percentages of cells co-expressing different combinations of these cytokines within the CD161+ and CD161− CD4+ T cell pool are shown. (B) Analysis of CD161 expression by Th17 cells (IL-17+ IFN-γ−), Th1/Th17 cells (IL-17+ IFN-γ+), and Th1 cells (IL-17− IFN-γ+) in 13 young (of which 8 were CMV seropositive) and 16 old (of which 11 were CMV seropositive) subjects. A schematic illustration of the gating strategy is shown in the left panel. Percentages of CD161+ cells among Th17, Th1/Th17, and Th1 cells are shown in the right panel. Bars and whiskers indicate median and interquartile range. Statistical significance by Mann–Whitney U-test is shown as *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.