miR-22 as a key regulator of cardiac and vascular remodeling, tumor suppressor or oncogene in a context- and target-dependent manner. Multiple miR-22 targets, including Sirt1, HDAC4, PPARα and PurB in cardiomyocytes8,9, EVI1, MECP2 and HDAC4 in SMCs7, OGN and TGFβR1 in cardiac fibroblasts10,11, Sirt1, CDK6, Sp1 and CCNA2 in most of cancer cells12,13, and pTEN and ERα in cancer cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and HBV-related liver cancer14,15, have been reported.