Figure 6.

Lactate Production and Oxidative Metabolism in hiPSC-CMs

(A) Schematic depiction of metabolic processes. Glycolysis was analyzed in (B) and (C), and oxidative metabolism in (D) to (G).

(B and C) Cell culture media concentration of glucose (cGluc) and lactate (cLac) after 4 hr of incubation in complete medium. Glucose consumption (B) and lactate production (C) in 2D and 3D hiPSC-CMs.

(D–F) Analysis of metabolic flux for radioactive ¹⁴C-labeled oleic acid (D), [¹⁴C]lactate (E), or [¹⁴C]glucose (F) after 4 hr of incubation.

(G) Calculated relative amount of ATP produced by oxidative metabolism and glycolysis.

n denotes biological replicates from three independent experiments. ^∗p < 0.05 versus 2D (two-tailed unpaired t test, B and C; error bars show means ± SEM). ^∗∗p < 0.01 and ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 versus 2D (one-way ANOVA plus Bonferroni post test, D–F; error bars show means ± SEM). Related raw data of individual experiments are depicted in Figure S6.