TABLE 9. Characteristics of children meeting DSM-IV-TR and/or DSM-5 surveillance case definition — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 sites, United States, 2014.
| Characteristic | Met DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5 |
Met both DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 |
Met DSM-IV-TR only |
Met DSM-5 only |
DSM-IV-TR vs. DSM-5 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | Ratio | Kappa | |
| Met ASD case definition under DSM-IV-TR and/or DSM-5 | 4,920 | 4,236 | (86.1) | 422 | (8.6) | 262 | (5.3) | 1.04 | 0.85 |
| Male | 3,978 | 3,452 | (86.8) | 316 | (7.9) | 210 | (5.3) | 1.03 | 0.85 |
| Female | 942 | 784 | (83.2) | 106 | (11.3) | 52 | (5.5) | 1.06 | 0.85 |
| White, non-Hispanic | 2,486 | 2,159 | (86.8) | 193 | (7.8) | 134 | (5.4) | 1.03 | 0.85 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1,184 | 994 | (84.0) | 109 | (9.2) | 81 | (6.8) | 1.03 | 0.84 |
| Hispanic, regardless of race | 817 | 695 | (85.1) | 91 | (11.1) | 31 | (3.8) | 1.08 | 0.86 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic | 207 | 188 | (90.8) | 14 | (6.8) | 5 | (2.4) | 1.05 | 0.88 |
| ≤36 months | 1,509 | 1,372 | (90.9) | 115 | (7.6) | 22 | (1.5) | 1.07 | 0.89 |
| 37–48 months | 723 | 640 | (88.5) | 61 | (8.4) | 22 | (3.0) | 1.06 | 0.86 |
| >48 months | 1,503 | 1,195 | (79.5) | 154 | (10.2) | 154 | (10.2) | 1.00 | 0.81 |
| Autism special education eligibility† | 2,270 | 2,156 | (95.0) | 35 | (1.5) | 79 | (3.5) | 0.98 | 0.57 |
| ASD diagnostic statement§ | |||||||||
| Earliest ASD diagnosis ≤36 months | 951 | 936 | (98.4) | 0 | (0) | 15 | (1.6) | 0.98 | 0.71 |
| Earliest ASD diagnosis autistic disorder | 1,577 | 1,526 | (96.8) | 0 | (0) | 51 | (3.2) | 0.97 | 0.50 |
| Earliest ASD diagnosis PDD-NOS/ASD-NOS | 1,564 | 1,525 | (97.5) | 0 | (0) | 39 | (2.5) | 0.98 | 0.72 |
| Earliest ASD diagnosis Asperger disorder | 221 | 210 | (95.0) | 0 | (0) | 11 | (5.0) | 0.95 | 0.72 |
| No previous ASD diagnosis or eligibility on record | 950 | 484 | (50.9) | 369 | (38.8) | 97 | (10.2) | 1.47 | 0.62 |
| Intellectual disability (IQ ≤70) | 1,191 | 1,089 | (91.4) | 67 | (5.6) | 35 | (2.9) | 1.03 | 0.89 |
| Borderline range (IQ 71–85) | 881 | 778 | (88.3) | 74 | (8.4) | 29 | (3.3) | 1.06 | 0.88 |
| Average or above average (IQ >85) | 1,620 | 1,391 | (85.9) | 143 | (8.8) | 86 | (5.3) | 1.04 | 0.86 |
Abbreviations: ASD = autism spectrum disorder; DSM-5 = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; DSM-IV-TR = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision; PDD-NOS = pervasive developmental disorder–not otherwise specified.
* Includes children identified with ASD who were linked to an in-state birth certificate.
† Includes children with autism as the Primary Exceptionality (Table 6) as well as children documented to meet eligibility criteria for autism special education services.
§ An ASD diagnosis documented in abstracted comprehensive evaluations, including DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of autistic disorder, PDD-NOS or Asperger disorder qualifies a child as meeting the DSM-5 surveillance case definition for ASD.
¶ Includes data from all 11 sites, including those with IQ data available for <70% of confirmed cases.