Table 1.
Selected examples of studies investigating Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in gliomas.
| Reference | Glioma type | Sample size/tissue sampled | Methodology | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strojnik et al. (34) | High-grade | 45 adult patients, tumor biopsy | ebna RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | 3/45 (6.7%) positive |
| Wrensch et al. (76) | High-grade | 57 adult patients, serum analysis | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG in sera | 86% positive |
| Poltermann et al. (77) | High-grade | 35 patients, serum analysis | ELISA for IgG in sera | 90% positive |
| Zavala-Vega et al. (78) | High-grade | 21 patients, tissue biopsy | Detected latent membrane proteins (LMP-1) by immunohistochemistry and EBER expression by in situ hybridization, RT-PCR | 6/21 (28.6%) positive |
| Fonseca et al. (79) | Low-grade and high-grade | 75 patients, tissue biopsy | EBV using PCR with confirmation using direct sequencing | 6/11 (55%) low-grade positive3/22 (13.6%) high-grade positive |
| Cheng-Te Major Lin et al. (41) | High-grade | 19 patients, formalin-fixed glioma tissue | EBV lmp1 DNA with multiplex droplet digital PCR | 4/19 (21%) positive |
| Neves et al. (80) | Pilocytic astrocytoma | 35 children, tissue biopsy | RT-PCR, LMP1 by immunohistochemistry | 9/35 (26%) positive by PCR, but none by immunohistochemistry |
| Cimino et al. (81) | High-grade | 21 patients, tissue biopsy | Next-generation sequencing/PCR/in situ hybridization | 5/21 (24%) positive, but none by in situ hybridization |
| Strong et al. (35) | High-grade | 170 patients, tissue biopsy | Next-generation sequencing/RT-PCR | None positive |
| Cosset et al. (82) | High-grade | 20 patients, tissue biopsy/serum analysis | PCR | None positive |
| Khoury et al. (83) | Low- and high-grade | 215 patients/tissue biopsy | RNA-Seq database analyses | None positive |
| Hashida et al. (84) | High-grade | 39 patients/tissue biopsy | PCR analyses of LMP1 gene | None positive |