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. 2018 Apr 26;8:6610. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24899-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Three patterns of transient [Ca²⁺]_i elevation in the basal layer. (a) Representative time-lapse images of the basal layer of the ear skin of GCaMP3 mice. Upper panel: Ca²⁺ spike in a single cell unit. Middle panel: clustered Ca²⁺ spike. Lower panel: radially spreading Ca²⁺ spike. Arrow: hair shaft. Green: GCaMP3; red: autofluorescence; blue: second-harmonic generation from dermal collagen. (b) Relationship between the duration and the proportion of Ca²⁺ spikes in a single cell unit (n = 416 events). (c) Relationship between the number of times and the proportion of Ca²⁺ spikes in a single cell unit (n = 310 cells) in 10 min. ND: not detected. Scale bars: 50 μm. Results are representative of at least three independent experiments.