Table 1.
Frequency of visual impairment according to characteristics of participants (n = 38 903).
| Characteristics | Number of participants | Visual impairment n (%) | Age and sex adjusted P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 38 903 | 228 (0.59) | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||
| Age, year | <0.0001 | ||
| [18–30] | 5 953 | 13 (0.22) | |
| [30–40] | 7 452 | 16 (0.21) | |
| [40–50] | 8 820 | 26 (0.29) | |
| [50–60] | 8 513 | 59 (0.69) | |
| [60–70] | 7 833 | 107 (1.37) | |
| ≥70 | 332 | 7 (2.11) | |
| Sex | 0.09 | ||
| Male | 18 333 | 99 (0.54) | |
| Female | 20 570 | 129 (0.63) | |
| Educational level | 0.005 | ||
| ≤Primary school | 3 080 | 37 (1.20) | |
| Secondary school | 5 783 | 46 (0.80) | |
| High school | 6 902 | 41 (0.59) | |
| ≤Bachelor level | 10 165 | 46 (0.45) | |
| ≥Master level or equivalent | 12 973 | 58 (0.45) | |
| Monthly Income, euros/household | <0.0001 | ||
| <1500 | 4 205 | 65 (1.55) | |
| 1500–2800 | 10 291 | 60 (0.58) | |
| 2800–4200 | 11 395 | 50 (0.44) | |
| ≥4200 | 10 902 | 43 (0.39) | |
| No answer | 2 110 | 10 (0.47) | |
| Related diseases | |||
| Diabetes | 0.26 | ||
| No | 37 293 | 212 (0.57) | |
| Yes | 1 610 | 16 (0.99) | |
| Hypertension | 0.38 | ||
| No | 28 627 | 137 (0.48) | |
| Yes | 10 276 | 91 (0.89) | |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 0.49 | ||
| No | 28 048 | 134 (0.48) | |
| Yes | 10 855 | 94 (0.87) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m² | 0.31 | ||
| <25 | 22 734 | 112 (0.49) | |
| 25–30 | 11 656 | 85 (0.73) | |
| ≥30 | 4 513 | 31 (0.69) | |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.09 | ||
| Never or light drinkers | 14 378 | 86 (0.60) | |
| Moderate drinkers | 18 526 | 98 (0.51) | |
| Heavy drinkers | 4 676 | 36 (0.90) | |
| No answer | 1 323 | 8 (0.60) | |
ap from mixed logistic regression model adjusted for age and sex with random intercept for inclusion center.