Table I.
Patient characteristics.
| Characteristic | Total (%) | PPPD (%) | SPD (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 76 (66.5) | 25 (58.1) | 51 (69.8) | 0.199a |
| Female | 40 (34.5) | 18 (41.8) | 22 (30.1) | 0.199a |
| Age, years | 58.1 (36–77)c | 58.1 (41–77)c | 58.1 (36–75)c | 0.812b |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Jaundiced | 60 (51.7) | 19 (44.1) | 41 (56.1) | 0.212a |
| AP | 18 (15.5) | 7 (16.2) | 11 (15.1) | 0.861a |
| Jaundice with AP | 15 (12.9) | 6 (13.9) | 9 (12.3) | 0.801a |
| Fever | 6 (5.2) | 2 (4.6) | 4 (5.4) | 0.810a |
| Fever with AP | 4 (3.4) | 2 (4.6) | 2 (2.7) | 0.985a |
| Cholangitis | 4 (3.4) | 2 (4.6) | 2 (2.7) | 0.985a |
| Melena | 2 (1.7) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (1.3) | 0.721a |
| Identified in PE | 2 (1.7) | 2 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.262a |
| Emaciation | 2 (1.7) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (1.3) | 0.721a |
| Others | 3 (2.6) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (2.7) | 0.638a |
| Combined diseases | ||||
| Weight loss | 29 (25.0) | 10 (23.2) | 19 (26.0) | 0.739a |
| Hypertension | 20 (17.2) | 10 (23.2) | 10 (13.7) | 0.188a |
| CHD | 12 (10.3) | 4 (9.3) | 8 (10.9) | 0.973a |
| Diabetes | 9 (7.8) | 4 (9.3) | 5 (6.8) | 0.906a |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 (18.4–29.1)c | 24.5 (19.7–27.6)c | 24.3 (18.4–29.1)c | 0.804b |
| Serum albumin (<35 g/l) | 35 (30.2) | 14 (32.5) | 21 (28.7) | 0.667a |
| CA19-9 (>100 U/ml) | 39 (33.6) | 14 (32.5) | 25 (34.2) | 0.852a |
| CEA (>5 ng/ml) | 15 (12.9) | 4 (9.3) | 11(15.0) | 0.543a |
a
χ2 test or Fisher's exact test
b
Mann-Whitney U test.
c
Values are presented as the median (range), as opposed to the n (%) presentation used for all other data.
d
Defined as clinical jaundice in combination with a serum bilirubin level >100 µmol/l. AP, abdominal pain; PE, physical examination; CHD, coronary heart disease; BMI, body mass index; PPPD, pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; SPD, standard pancreaticoduodenectomy; CA19-9, cancer antigen 19-9; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen.