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. 2018 Mar 17;69(10):2621–2631. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ery104

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© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 2. — Schematic diagram of apex dissection (top panels A–E): expanded leaves are removed first (A–C) and then the unexpanded leaves covering the apex are also removed under a binocular microscope (D and E). Once the apex is reached, (i) its stage is determined, according to the scale proposed by Waddington et al. (1983), until the terminal spikelet (pictures inside bottom panel, F), and (ii) the number of primordia (leaves+spikelets) is counted. Then the number of primordia is plotted against thermal time in order to analyse the dynamics of primordia initiation as illustrated, within the period from seedling emergence and terminal spikelet (filled symbols; F). Final leaf number (FLN) is determined counting the leaves which have appeared following the scale of Haun (1973). The total number of primordia is the average of the values measured in a number of samples (>10) taken from the terminal spikelet to anthesis (open symbols; F). The number of spikelets is calculated as the difference between the total number of primordia and FLN. Floral initiation is estimated a posteriori (there is no morphological evidence in the dissected apex for this critical stage) as when the first reproductive primordium was initiated, when the total number of primordia exceeded FLN by one. (This figure is available in colour at JXB online.)