Table III.
Identified VOCs with significant statistical differences between the study groups in urine samples from healthy volunteers, patients with B-NHL and patients with BLD.
| Concentration, M ± SDa (ng/ml) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B-NHL | Non-lymphoma | P-value (Wilcoxon's non-parametric test) | |||||||||
| Volatile metabolite | AB | IB | BLD | HC | B-NHL vs. non-lymphoma | B-NHL vs. BLD | B-NHL vs. HC | AB vs. IB | CD20+ vs. CD20 | Early-stage | Low IPI vs. high IPI |
| 4-Heptanone | 494.27±239.65 | 356.09±208.59 | 206.31±165.40 | 119.86±76.96 | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.036 | 0.858 | <0.001 | 0.864 |
| 2-Methylpyrazine | 55.78±21.83 | 61.26±19.92 | 51.99±20.43 | 24.76±20.24 | <0.001 | 0.238 | <0.001 | 0.177 | 0.659 | 0.098 | 0.005 |
| 2-Methylbutanal | 66.26±30.15 | 51.25±23.60 | 58.42±25.37 | 31.43±23.03 | 0.005 | 0.131 | <0.001 | 0.029 | <0.001 | 0.095 | 0.165 |
| 2,6-Dimethyl-7-octen-2-ol | 94.56±40.18 | 82.02±30.63 | 92.92±35.64 | 87.91±22.48 | 0.428 | 0.680 | 0.978 | 0.334 | 0.798 | 0.003 | 0.218 |
| Decanoic acid | 60.34±26.31 | 45.50±22.21 | 58.22±24.82 | 45.98±21.40 | 0.127 | 0.447 | 0.06 | 0.017 | <0.001 | 0.156 | 0.258 |
a
The highest level of concentration was selected when volatile metabolite was detected in the same urine sample with different pHs. B-NHL, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; IPI, International Prognostic Index; AB, aggressive B-NHL; IB, indolent B-NH; BLD, benign lymphatic diseases; HC, healthy control; M, mean; SD, standard deviation.