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. 2018 Jan 27;163(1):123–139. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy014

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Microscopy reveals overlapping blood–brain barrier (BBB) impairment and astrocyte activation at the neurovascular unit following acute O3 exposure. A, Representative image of the BBB in the hypothalamus of an aged, O3-exposed brain taken at ×63; PECAM (red) indicates vasculature, FSCN (green) indicates FSCN dye penetration into the brain parenchyma, DAPI (blue) indicates nuclear staining, and the Merge (white) shows overlap indicative of FSCN leakage from the vessels (overlap of PECAM and FSCN). B, Representative image of the BBB and astrocyte activation in the hypothalamus of an aged, FA-exposed animal taken with a ×63 objective; GFAP (purple) indicates astrocytes that are co-localized with the FSCN dye (FSCN, green) and vasculature (PECAM, red) in the Merge image (white). C, The Merge image from (B) in greater detail (×100). D, Representative Merge image of the aged hypothalamus after acute O3 exposure. E, Representative Merge image of the aged dentate gyrus at ×100. F, Representative Merge image of the aged dentate gyrus after acute O3 exposure at ×100. Potential uptake or overlap of the FSCN and GFAP (white) is demonstrated by (C)–(F).