Table 4.

Average Total Potential, within each Battery Type, with One Standard Deviation (units vary by methodology), for All Resource Depletion Potential, Human Toxicity Potential, and Ecotoxicity Potential Methods with Life-Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)-Based Potentials Separated into Impact by Emission (Em.) to Air, Water, and Soil

		Li-ion		Li-poly		smart
impact category	method (units)	avg	std	avg	std	avg	std
abiotic resource depletion potential (LCIA-based)	EPS (ELU)a	1.38 × 1000	3.72 × 10−01	1.58 × 1000	5.45 × 10−01	1.99 × 1000	3.04 × 10−01
	CML (kg Sb-eq)b	6.79 × 10−06	2.18 × 10−06	5.77 × 10−06	2.37 × 10−06	6.20 × 10−06	2.96 × 10−06
human toxicity potential (hazard- based)	TPIc (TPI units)	6.75 × 1004	8.86 × 1003	6.10 × 1004	2.29 × 1004	6.40 × 1004	1.80 × 1004
	PEL (m3)d	1.55 × 1004	5.92 × 1003	9.96 × 1003	1.30 × 1003	1.21 × 1004	1.18 × 1003
	REL (m3)	1.88 × 1004	6.45 × 1003	1.40 × 1004	2.49 × 1003	1.77 × 1004	1.79 × 1003
	TLV (m3)	1.82 × 1004	5.56 × 1003	1.41 × 1004	2.48 × 1003	1.72 × 1004	1.73 × 1003
human toxicity potential (LCIA- based)	CML Em.Air (kg 1,4-DCB-eq)	7.32 × 1001	1.79 × 1001	8.43 × 1001	2.46 × 1001	1.14 × 1002	2.04 × 1001
	CML Em.Water (kg 1,4-DCB-eq)	1.40 × 1000	4.66 × 10−01	1.78 × 1000	4.73 × 10−01	2.85 × 1000	4.70 × 10−01
	CML Em.Soil (kg 1,4-DCB-eq)	1.68 × 1001	5.69 × 1000	2.19 × 1001	6.11 × 1000	3.35 × 1001	5.27 × 1000
	TRACI Em.Air (CTUh)e	1.84 × 10−07	9.69 × 10−08	7.03 × 10−08	2.58 × 10−08	1.04 × 10−07	7.40 × 10−08
	TRACI Em.Water (CTUh)	3.15 × 10−08	1.12 × 10−08	1.86 × 10−08	7.65 × 10−09	3.17 × 10−08	1.67 × 10−08
	TRACI Em.Soil (CTUh)	5.00 × 10−07	2.78 × 10−07	1.87 × 10−07	6.73 × 10−08	2.72 × 10−07	1.94 × 10−07
freshwater ecotoxicity (LCIA- based)	CML Em.Air (kg 1,4-DCB-eq)f	2.63 × 1000	7.08 × 10−01	3.15 × 1000	9.90 × 10−01	4.17 × 1000	6.11 × 10−01
	CML Em.Water (kg 1,4-DCB-eq)	1.40 × 1001	3.78 × 1000	1.68 × 1001	5.30 × 1000	2.22 × 1001	3.22 × 1000
	CML Em.Soil (kg 1,4- DCB-eq)	7.00 × 1000	1.88 × 1000	8.40 × 1000	2.64 × 1000	1.11 × 1001	1.63 × 1000
	TRACI Em.Air (CTUe)g	6.42 × 1001	1.14 × 1001	6.16 × 1001	2.74 × 1001	5.95 × 1001	1.70 × 1001
	TRACI Em.Water (CTUe)	1.54 × 1002	2.71 × 1001	1.48 × 1002	6.55 × 1001	1.42 × 1002	4.07 × 1001
	TRACI Em.Soil (CTUe)	8.11 × 1001	1.43 × 1001	7.78 × 1001	3.46 × 1001	7.51 × 1001	2.15 × 1001
terrestrial ecotoxicity (LCIA- based)	CML Em.Air (kg 1,4-DCB-eq)	3.81 × 10−01	1.11 × 10−01	4.73 × 10−01	1.36 × 10−01	6.55 × 10−01	1.03 × 10−01
	CML Em.Water (kg 1,4-DCB-eq)	8.40 × 10−21	2.88 × 10−21	1.11 × 10−20	3.29 × 10−21	1.56 × 10−20	2.28 × 10−21
	CML Em.Soil (kg 1,4-DCB-eq)	7.63 × 10−01	2.22 × 10−01	9.46 × 10−01	2.72 × 10−01	1.31 × 1000	2.06 × 10−01

^aELU = Environmental Load Units.

^bkg Sb-eq = kg Antimony equivalent.

^cTPI = Toxicological Potential Indicator Units.

^dm³ = inverse of the occupational exposure limit

^eCTUh = comparative toxicity units (human toxicity)

^fkg 1,4-DCB-eq = kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene equivalent

^gCTUe = comparative toxicity units (ecotoxicity).